Ruki vverh 18 mne uzhe. Abdul Kalam, in full Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian scientist.

• • Author Awards (1981) (1990) (1997) (2009) (2013) Notable work(s),,,, Signature Website Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( ( ); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian politician and aerospace scientist who served as the from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in, and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the (DRDO) and (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of and technology.

He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the in 1974. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling and the then-opposition. Widely referred to as the 'People's President', he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the, India's highest civilian honour. While delivering a lecture at the, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands including national-level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Early life and education Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a family in the pilgrimage centre of on, then in the and now in the of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took pilgrims back and forth between and the now uninhabited. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

As a result, the family acquired the title of 'Mara Kalam Iyakkivar' (wooden boat steerers), which over the years became shortened to 'Marakier.' With the opening of the to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home. By his early childhood, Kalam's family had become poor; at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income. In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics.